Saturday, February 21, 2015

ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION NOTES

ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION NOTES

            Use of one word substitution saves time and helps in avoiding long sentences, phrases and idioms. This practice enhances the ability of a candidate in better usage of language. The one word substitutions pertaining to various situation and fields are given hereunder:

 

(A) Pertaining To Government & Politics

1.

To give up a throne or other office of dignity

Abdicate

2.

Absence of government/governance

Anarchy

3.

Government by sovereign or uncontrolled authority

Autocracy, Despotism

4.

Government by departments of states

Bureaucracy

5.

Government of the people, by the people, for the people

Democracy

6.

Government by the nobility

Aristocracy

7.

The right of self-government

Autonomy

8.

Government by a few

Oligarchy

9.

Government by the wealthy

Plutocracy

10.

Government by divine guidance

Theocracy

11.

To decide a political question by the direct vote of the whole electorate

Referendum

12.

Sweeping governmental change

Revolution

13.

The science of government

Politics

14.

A person who regards the whole world his country

Cosmopolitan

15.

A person with full discretionary powers to act on behalf of a country

Plenipotentiary

16.

The original inhabitants of a country

Aborigines

17.

A political leader who tries to stir up people

Demagogue

18.

A general pardon of political offenders

Amnesty

19.

Decision made upon a political question by the votes of all qualified persons

Plebiscite

20.

A person sharing responsibility for a political party'sdiscipline and tactics

Whip

21.

Parts of a country behind the coast or a river bank

Hinterland

22.

The period between two reigns

Interregnum

23.

A person who sneaks into a country

Infiltrator

24.

Code of diplomatic etiquette and precedence

Protocol

25.

People in a riot

Mob

26.

Murder of a king

Regicide

27.

A person who wishes to throw out all establishments

Anarchist

28.

Open rebellion of soldiers against a lawful authority

Mutiny

29.

Policy as a political party

Manifesto

30.

Joint sovereignty exercised over a country by two or more countries

Condominium

31.

Unreasonable enthusiasm for the glorification of one's country

Chauvinism

32.

One who resides in a country of which he is not a citizen

Alien

(B) Pertaining To Religion & Beliefs

33.

One who believes that man can have no knowledge of God but only as natural phenomenon

Agnostic

34.

One who renounces his religious vows or principles

Apostate

35.

One who does not believe in the existence of God

Atheist

36.

One who is intolerantly devoted to a particular creed

Bigot

37.

To utter profane language against God or anything holy

Blasphemy

38.

A breaker of church images

Iconoclast

39.

Worship of images and idols

Idolatry

40.

One who believes in one God

Monotheist

41.

One who believes in many Gods

Polytheist

42.

A song sung at a burial

Dirge

43.

One who believes everything is. predestined

Fatalist

44.

Story told to illustrate a moral or spiritual truth

Parable

45.

To talk without respect of something sacred or holy

Blasphemy

46.

To atone for one's sins

Expiate

47.

One who thinks human nature is essentially evil

Cynic

48.

The act of violating the sanctity of a church

Sacrilege

49.

The doctrine that human souls pass from one body to another at the time of death

Transformation

50.

Just punishment for wrongdoings

Nemesis

51.

A person traveling to a religious place

Pilgrim

52.

A religious travel

Pilgrimage

53.

A person who forsakes religion

Apostate

54.

A man with prejudiced views against religion

Bigot

55.

To violate sacredness of a holy object or place

Desecrate

56.

A person who is not sure of existence of God

Agnostic

57.

A man who starves body for the good of soul

Ascetic

58.

Having no beginning or end to its existence

Eternal

59.

A person who believes that pleasure is the chief good

Hedonist

60.

The foolish belief that one is God

Theomania

61.

Part of church in which bells hang

Belfry

62.

A song embodying religious and sacred emotions

Hymn

63.

A person who does not believe in any religion

Pagan

(C) Pertaining To Marriage & Children

64.

One who marries a second wife in presence of first one

Bigamist

65.

One vowed to a single or unmarried life

Celibate

66.

Practice of having more than one wives

Polygamy

67.

Practice of having more than one husbands

Polyandry

68.

A hater of marriage or women

Misogamist

69.

One engaged to be married

Fiance, Fiancee

70.

A man who derives sexual pleasures from men only

Homosexual, Gay

71.

A woman who derives sexual pleasures from women only

Lesbian

72.

A child whose parents are dead

Orphan

73.

A child born after the death of his/her father

Posthumous

74.

A man who behaves like a woman

Effeminate

75.

A woman of fair complexion and light hair

Blonde

76.

Practice of a married woman having extra-marital relationship

Adultery

77.

Woman trained to help other woman in childbirth

Midwife

78.

A woman whose husband is dead

 

Widow

79.

A man whose wife is dead

Widower

80.

An old unmarried woman

Spinster

81.

A young unmarried woman

Virgin

82.

An unmarried man

Bachelor

83.

A violent and bad tempered woman

Virago

(D) Pertaining To Death & Life

84.

Dead and decaying flesh of animals

Carrion
Cenotaph
Embalm

85.

A monument raised for persons who are buried elsewhere

Cenotaph

86.

To preserve a dead body from putrefaction

Embalm
Cenotaph
Embalm

87.

Words inscribed on a tomb

Epitaph

88.

An examination of dead body

Autopsy, Post-mortem
Obituary

89.

An account in the newspaper of the funeral of one deceased

Obituary

90.

The property left by a dead person by a will

Legacy

91.

Occurring after death

Posthumous

92.

The act of killing a human being

Homicide

93.

Murder of a new-born child

Infanticide

94.

Murder of a brother

Fratricide

95.

Murder of a sister

Sororicide

96.

Murder of a mother

Matricide

97.

Murder of a father

Patricide

98.

Murder of a king

Regicide

99.

Mass murder

Massacre

100.

One who eats human flesh

Cannibal

101.

Act of taking one's own life (kill oneself)

Suicide

102.

A person who kills somebody for political reasons

Assassin

103.

A disease which ends in death

FataI

104.

One who cannot die

Immortal

105.

Relation by blood or birth

Consanguinity
Crematorium

106.

The place where dead bodies are burnt (cremated)

Crematorium
Crematorium

107.

The place where dead bodies are buried

Graveyard

108.

The place where dead bodies are kept

Mortuary

109.

The act of killing one's wife

Uxoricide

(E) Pertaining to Literature

110.

A work whose writer is unknown

Anonymous

111.

A record of one's life written by someone else

Biography

112.

A record of one's life written by oneself

Autobiography

113.

The heading or short description of a newspaper article or book

Caption

114.

A humorous play with a happy ending

Comedy

115.

A list of books in a library

Catalogue, bibliography

116.

A book in which each day's events are recorded

Diary

117.

A book containing words of a language with definitions in alphabetical order

Dictionary

118.

A book containing names and addresses

Directory

119.

A short speech of a player at the end of a play

Epilogue

120.

A brief summary of a book

Epitome

121.

A book containing information on all branches of knowledge

Encyclopedia

122.

To remove the offensive portions of a book

Expurgate

123.

A speech delivered without earlier preparation

Extempore, impromptu

124.

A noisy or vehement speech intended to excite passions

Harangue

125.

A written account of one's life's interesting and memorable experiences

Memoirs

126.

A note to help the memory

Memorandum

127.

A short speech by a player at the beginning of the play

Prologue

128.

Publishing of an author's original work as one's own

Plagiarism

129.

Speaking aloud to oneself

Soliloquy

130.

A play with a sad or tragic end

Tragedy

131.

A great lover of books

Bibliophile

132.

A person who has command over several languages

Linguist

133.

Speaking or writing two languages

Bilingual

134.

One who can neither read nor write

illiterate

135.

Anything written in a letter after it is signed

Postscript

136.

Study of ancient societies

History

137.

A poem written on the death of someone loved and lost

Elegy

138.

Commencement of words with the same letter

Alliteration

139.

Words different in meaning but similar in sound

Homonyms

140.

A story in which ideas are symbolized as people

Allegory

141.

Language difficult to understand because of bad form

Jargon

142.

Study of mankind

Anthropology

143.

Short descriptive poem of picturesque scene or incident

Idyll

144.

One who compiles dictionary

Lexicographer

145.

The school or college where one has been educated

Alma mater

146.

A person with a beautiful handwriting

Calligrapher

147.

One who does not care for literature or art

Philistine

148.

A group of three novels or plays, each complete in itself

Trilogy

149.

Science of printing

Typography

150.

Use of more words than are needed to express meaning

Pleonasm

151.

That which can be interpreted in any way

Ambiguous

152.

A person claiming to be superior in culture and intellect to other

Highbrow

153.

A name adopted by a writer in his writings

Pseudonym

154.

Of unknown and unadmitted authorship

Anonymous

155.

A person holding charge of funds at a university or college

Bursar

156.

A funny imitation of a poem

Parody

157.

A person who has just started learning

Apprentice

158.

Using of new words

Neologism

159.

Books, pictures etc. intended to arouse sexual desire

Pornography

160.

People at a lecture or concert

Audience

161.

A person's first speech

Maiden

162.

A style in which a writer makes a display of his knowledge

Pedantic

163.

Poem in short stanzas narrating a popular story

Ballad

164.

A word no longer in use

Obsolete

165.

A paper written in one's own handwriting

Manuscript

166.

A list of explanation of words especially unusual at the end of a book

Glossary

167.

A statement which can't be understood

Incomprehensible

168

A person interested in reading books and nothing else

Bookworm

169.

A literary work produced merely to make money

Pot-boiler

170.

Word for word reproduction

Verbatim

171.

A story told to illustrate a moral or a truth

Parable

172.

A literary composition in the form of a letter

Epistle

173.

A person bad in spellings and handwriting

Cacographist

174.

Ridiculous use of words

Malapropism

(F) Pertaining to Science & Arts

175.

The study of all heavenly bodies and earth, in relation to them

Astronomy

176.

Science of land management

Agronomics

177.

The study of mankind

Anthropology

178.

The study of physical life or living matter

Biology

179.

The study of plants

Botany

180.

Science dealing with the varieties of human race

Ethnology

181.

The study of origin and history of words

Etymology

182.

The study of coins

Numismatics

183.

The study of human face

Physiognomy

184.

The art of making fireworks

Pyrotechnics

185.

The study of birds

Ornithology

186.

The study of languages

Philology

187.

At home equally on land or in water

Amphibian

188.

The inside of a nut

Kernel

189.

The animals of a certain region

Fauna

190.

The plants of a certain region

Flora

191.

Absence of rain for a long time

Drought

192.

Watering land by artificial means

Irrigate

193.

One who studies plant and animal life

Naturalist

194.

A cud chewing animal like cow

Ruminant

195.

A gnawing animal like rat

Rodent

196.

A four-footed animal

Quadruped

197.

Animals which carry their young ones in pouch like kangaroo

Marsupials

198.

Soil composed of decayed vegetable matter

Humus

199.

A preparation for killing insects

Insecticide

200.

A plant or animal growing on the food of another

Parasite

201.

Living for many years

Perennial

(G) Pertaining to Medicine & Diseases

202.

A substance which destroys or weakens germs

Antiseptic

203.

Any medicine that produces insensibility

Anaesthesia

204.

A medicine to counteract poison

Antidote

205.

Want or poorness of blood

Anemia

206.

A medicine which alleviates pain

Anodyne

207.

To cut off a person's body part which is infected

Amputate

208.

One who is recovering from illness

Convalescent

209.

To be able to tell the nature of disease by its symptoms

Diagnose

210.

A disease affecting many persons at the same place and time

Epidemic

211.

A disease confined to a particular place

Endemic

212.

To disinfect by smoke

Fumigate

213.

Free or exempt from infection

Immune

214.

A person who is sick

Invalid

215.

A cure for all diseases

Panacea

216.

A disease widely epidemic

Pandemic

217.

Confinement to one place to avoid spread by infection

Quarantine

(H) Pertaining to War

 

218.

An unprovoked attack by an enemy

Aggression

219.

Shells, bombs and other military stores

Ammunition

220

A place where military weapons are made or stored

Arsenal

221.

An agreement between belligerents to stop fighting

Armistice

222.

A general pardon of offenders

Amnesty

223.

To reduce to nothing

Annihilate

224.

Nations carrying on warfare

 

Belligerents

225.

To surround a place with the intention of capturing it

Besiege

226.

To camp in the open air without covering or tents

Bivouac

227.

To seize for military use

Commandeer

228.

A person forced by law to become a soldier

Conscript

229.

An order prohibiting ships from leaving the ports

Embargo

230.

A number of firearms being discharged continuously

Fusillade

231.

To make an examination or preliminary survey of enemy territory for military objectives

Reconnoitre

232.

To cause troops to spread out in readiness for battle

Deploy

233.

The cessation of warfare before a treaty is signed

Armistice

234.

To bring peace and end violence

Pacify

235.

A person who sneaks into a country

Infiltrator

236.

Open rebellion of soldiers against lawful authority

Mutiny

(I) Pertaining to Professions

 

237.

One who attends to the diseases of the eye

Oculist / Ophthalmologist

238.

One who tests eyesight and sells spectacles

Optician

239.

One who attends to the teethDentist


240.

One who is skilled in the care of hands and feet

Chiropodist

241.

A physician who assists women at childbirth

Obstetrician

242.

One who cures the ailments of bones and joints

Orthopedic

243.

One who treats the diseases of children

Paediatrician

244.

One who looks after the ailments of skin

Dermatologist

245.

One who performs the surgeries

Surgeon

246.

One who deals with the diseases of cancer

Oncologist

247.

One who drives a motor-car

Chauffeur

248.

One who makes and sells candles

Chandler

249.

One who preserves skins of animals and mounts them so as to resemble the living animals

Taxidermist

250.

One who compiles a dictionary

Lexicographer

251.

One who writes a book

Author

252.

One who is skilled in the treatment of disease of animals

Veterinarian

253.

A tradesman who manages funerals

Undertaker

254.

One who draws up contracts and lends money on interest

Scrivener

255.

One who lends money and keeps goods as security

Pawnbroker

256.

A teacher who travels from place to place to instruct

Peripatetic

257.

One who travels from place to place selling miscellaneous articles

Hawker/ Pedlar

258.

One who collects postage stamps

Philatelist

259.

One who lends money at exorbitant interest

Usurer

260.

One who takes care of a building

Janitor

261.

One who sells pastries and sweets

Confectioner

262.

One who works in a coal-mine

Collier

263.

One who flies an Aeroplane

Pilot! Aviator

264.

One who studies rocks and soils

Geologist

265.

One who shoes horses

Farrier

266.

One who is new to a trade

Novice

267.

A professional rider in horse races

Jockey

268.

One who deals in silks, cotton, woolen and linen goods

Mercer

269.

One who deals in wines

Vintner

270.

One who deals in fish

Fishmonger

271.

One dealing in iron and hardware

Ironmonger

272.

One who sells fruits, vegetables etc. from a barrow

Costermonger

273.

One who sets type in a printing office

Compositor

(J) Pertaining to Characteristics & Actions

 

274.

One who devotes his life for others' welfare

Altruist

275.

One who can use both hands with equal ease

Ambidextrous

276.

One who fishes with a rod

Angler

277.

One who kills by surprise or secretly

Assassin

278.

A person who collects ancient things

Antiquary

279.

One who is always finding faults

Censorious

280.

One living at the same time as another

Contemporary

281.

One who sneers at the aims and beliefs of his fellowmen

Cynic

282.

One who delights in speaking about oneself

Egotist

283.

One who exalts his own opinion

Egoist

284.

One who dies for a noble cause

Martyr

285.

One who retires from society to live a solitary life

Recluse/ Hermit

286.

One who maliciously sets buildings on fire

Incendiary

287.

One who is banished from his home or country

Exile

288.

One who takes refuge in a foreign country

Refugee/Alien

289.

One who runs away from law and justice

Fugitive

290.

One who walks in sleep

Somnambulist

291.

One who looks on the bright side of the things

Optimist

292.

One who looks on the dark side of the things

Pessimist

293.

A hater of mankind

Misanthrope /

Misanthropist

294.

One who knows everything

Omniscient

295.

One who is all powerful

Omnipotent

296.

One who is present everywhere

Omnipresent

297.

One who devotes his service and wealth for others

Philanthropist

298.

One who is new to anything

Novice/ Tyro/ Neophyte

299.

One who engages himself in an activity not for money

Amateur

300.

One who journeys to a holy place

Pilgrim

301.

A leader of the people who can sway his followers by his oratory

Demagogue

302.

One who has special skills to judge art, music, tastes etc.

Connoisseur

303.

One whose reasoning is clever but false

Sophist

304.

One who makes a display of his learning

Pedant

305.

One who is indifferent to pains and pleasures

Stoic

306.

One who loves to serve his country

Patriot

307.

One who is devoted to eating and drinking pleasures

Epicure

308.

One who pretends to be what he is not

Hypocrite/ Imposter

309.

One who is versed in many languages

Linguist

310.

One who cannot pay one's debts

Insolvent

311.

One who takes over after another in office or employment

Successor

312.

One who has been before another in office or employment

Predecessor

313.

One who is opposed to intellectual progress

Obscurant

314.

One who abstains from alcoholic drinks

Teetotaller

315.

One who hides away on a ship to obtain a free passage

Stowaway

316.

One who spends very little

Miser

317.

One who spends too much

Spendthrift

(K) Pertaining to Numbers

318.

A collection of poems

Anthology

319.

A number of merchant ships protected by warships in wartime

Convoy

320.

A number of stars grouped together

Constellation

321.

A number of hired applauders, i.e. persons paid for clapping

Claque

322.

A number of people at church

Congregation

323.

A number of people gathered together for a common purpose

Assembly/ Gathering

324.

A group of people who get together to work for a common cause -

Coterie

325.

A number of workmen, thieves, prisoners

Gang

326.

A number of sheep

Flock

327.

A number of geese

Gaggle

328.

A number of leopards

Leap/Prowl

329.

A number of lions, monkeys

Pride/ Troop

330.

A number of herrings, mackerel

Shoal

331.

A number of fish caught in a net

Catch/Haul

332.

A number of whales, porpoises

School / Pod

333.

A number of oxen or horses harnessed together

Team

334.

A number of ships

Fleet

(L) Pertaining to Places

335.

A place where bees are kept

Apiary

336.

A place where birds are kept

Aviary

337.

A place where fishes are kept

Aquarium

338.

An underground dwelling of animals

Burrow

339.

A squirrels' home

Drey

340.

A net of a bird of prey

Eyrie / Aerie

341.

A place where spirited liquors are produced

Distillery

342.

A place where clothes are washed and ironed

Laundry

343.

A place where government records are kept

Archives

344.

A place where treasures of art, curiosities, etc. are preserved and exhibited

Museum

345.

A place where fruit trees are grown

Orchard

(M) Miscellaneous

346.

Loud enough to be heard

Audible

347.

Not distinct enough to be heard

Inaudible

348.

Fit for food

Edible

349.

Unfit for human consumption

Inedible

350.

Water fit for drinking

Potable

351.

Fit to be chosen or selected

Eligible

352.

Not fit for selection

Ineligible

353.

Writing that is easy to read

Legible

354.

Writing that cannot be read

illegible

355.

One who is able to read and write

Literate

356.

One who is not able to read and write

illiterate

357.

Born of married parents

Legitimate

358.

Born of unmarried parents

illegitimate

359.

To send a person back to his native country

Repatriate

360.

To banish from one's country

Expatriate

361.

To move from own country to another

Migrate

362.

One who leaves one's country for another country

Emigrant

363.

One who comes into a foreign country

Immigrant

364.

Incapable of being redeemed from evil, i.e. beyond correction

Incorrigible

365.

That which cannot be rubbed out or blotted out

Ineffaceable / Indelible

366.

That which can't be conquered

Invincible

367.

Incapable of making errors

Infallible

368.

That which cannot be avoided or prevented

Inevitable

369.

Incapable of being burnt

Incombustible

370.

That which easily catches fire

Inflammable/F1ammable

371.

That which cannot be seen

Invisible

372.

Living forever

Immortal

373.

Increase the gravity of an offence

Aggravate

374.

Ordinary or commonplace remark

Platitude

375.

That which cannot be satisfied

Insatiable

376.

That which cannot be repaired

Irreparable

377.

That which cannot be imitated

Inimitable

378.

Persons or efforts that cannot be wearied

Indefatigable

379.

One who eats too much

Glutton

380.

To destroy completely

Annihilate

381.

A statement open to more than one interpretation

Ambiguous 

382.

A roundabout way of speaking

Circumlocution

383.

Cautious observation of events

Circumspection

384.

That which cannot be hurt

Invulnerable